Navigating Artificial Intelligence and Project Success: Insights from Information Technology Sector in Pakistan
Main Article Content
Abstract
The basic objective of this research is to empirically examine the moderating effect of work environment on the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior, employee empowerment and project success of IT projects in the public and private organizations of Rawalpindi-Islamabad, Pakistan. The research was cross-sectional with a deductive approach; and data collection was done through survey. The research has been based on the target population related to information technology (IT) projects in public and private sector from the twin cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan. PLS-SEM was employed to examine the data. This study suggests that employees’ OCB and employees’ empowerment (EE) would impact positively on project success given a conducive and healthy environment at workplace. However, the work environment (WE) negatively moderates both the relationships. The behavior of employees plays a vital role in the outcome of any project. This study stipulates that chances of project success (PS) get amplified when employees possess organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and are appropriately empowered under a set of favorable work environment (WE). While contributory factors of project success related to leadership, management and technical facets have been elaborately studied previously, the relationship of employees’ behavior and their empowerment with project success has scarcely been tested. The findings of this research have theoretical and practical significance and are likely to assist the IT project managers in motivating and empowering their employees and managing the work environment befittingly.
Downloads
Article Details
Section

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
References
Aga, D. A., Noorderhaven, N., & Vallejo, B. (2016). Transformational leadership and project success: The mediating role of team-building. International journal of project management, 34(5), 806-818. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2016.02.012
Ali, M., Zhang, L., Shah, S. J., Khan, S., & Shah, A. M. (2020). Impact of humble leadership on project success: the mediating role of psychological empowerment and innovative work behavior. Leadership & organization development journal, 41(3), 349-367. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-05-2019-0230
Aripin, Z., Matriadi, F., & Ermeila, S. (2024). Optimization of Worker Work Environment, Robots, and Marketing Strategy: The Impact of Digital-Based Spatiotemporal Dynamics on Human Resource Management (HRM). In Journal of Jabar Economic Society Networking Forum (Vol. 1, pp. 33-49). https://jesocin.com/index.php/jesocin/article/view/15
Aronsson, G., Theorell, T., Grape, T., Hammarström, A., Hogstedt, C., Marteinsdottir, I., et al. (2017). A systematic review including meta-analysis of work environment and burnout symptoms. BMC public health, 17, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4153-7
Beshah, G. G., Jekale Mengesha, W., & Demiss, B. A. (2024). A literature review on construction project success evaluation criteria and methods. Cogent Engineering, 11(1), 2376220. https://doi.org/1080/23311916.2024.2376220
Ciric Lalic, D., Lalic, B., Delić, M., Gracanin, D., & Stefanovic, D. (2022). How project management approach impact project success? From traditional to agile. International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, 15(3), 494-521. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMPB-04-2021-0108
Dullah, M., Limgiani, L., & Suwardi, L. A. (2023). Work environment analysis to improve employee performance. Revenue Journal: Management and Entrepreneurship, 1(2), 127-134. https://doi.org/10.61650/rjme.v1i2.328
Fulford, M. D., & Enz, C. A. (1995). The impact of empowerment on service employees. Journal of managerial issues, 161-175. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40604059
Hair, J., & Alamer, A. (2022). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) in second language and education research: Guidelines using an applied example. Research Methods in Applied Linguistics, 1(3), 100027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmal.2022.100027
Hair Jr, J., Page, M., & Brunsveld, N. (2019). Essentials of business research methods. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429203374
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 43, 115-135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
Hessari, H., Daneshmandi, F., Busch, P., & Smith, S. (2024). Mitigating cyberloafing through employee adaptability: the roles of temporal leadership, teamwork attitudes and competitive work environment. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJBA-02-2024-0065
Huang, C., Huang, L., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Gu, X., et al. (2021). RETRACTED: 6-month consequences of COVID-19 in patients discharged from hospital: a cohort study. The lancet, 397(10270), 220-232.
Hughes, D. L., Rana, N. P., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2020). Elucidation of IS project success factors: an interpretive structural modelling approach. annals of Operations Research, 285, 35-66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-019-03146-w
Ika, L. A., & Pinto, J. K. (2022). The “re-meaning” of project success: Updating and recalibrating for a modern project management. International Journal of Project Management, 40(7), 835-848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2022.08.001
Ika, L. A., & Pinto, J. K. (2023). Dont Ask what makes projects successful, but under what circumstances they work: recalibrating project success factors. In Research Handbook on Project Performance (pp. 75-91). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781802207613.00013
Iqbal, M., Qamari, I. N., & Surwanti, A. (2024). Literature review of the organizational citizenship behavior of employees in the public sector. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478), 13(4), 209-222. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v13i4.3344
Katz, D. (1964). The motivational basis of organizational behavior. Behavioral science, 9(2), 131-146. https://doi.org/10.1002/bs.3830090206
Khan, J., Javed, B., Mubarak, N., Bashir, S., & Jaafar, M. (2020). Psychological empowerment and project success: the role of knowledge sharing. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 69(6), 2997-3008. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2020.3026093
Khattak, S. I., Ali, M. I., Khan, M. A., Kakar, A. S., & Mehmood, M. A. (2024). Amplifying IT Project Success Ratio: the Role of Transformational Leadership, Proactive Behavior, and Psychological Empowerment. Engineering Economics, 35(3), 316-327. https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.35.3.33394
Khattak, S. I., Rizvi, T. H., & Khan, M. A. (2022). Unwrapping software projects success in Asia: Assessing the role of authentic leadership, psychological empowerment, and job engagement in project success using a serial-mediation approach. Sage Open, 12(2), 21582440221097918. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221097918
Kiani Mavi, N., Brown, K., Fulford, R. G., & Goh, M. (2024). Critical success criteria for construction projects: a systematic literature evaluation. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-11-2023-1156
Kumar, V., Pandey, A., & Singh, R. (2023). Project success and critical success factors of construction projects: project practitioners’ perspectives. Organization, technology & management in construction: an international journal, 15(1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.2478/otmcj-2023-0001
Lee, K., & Allen, N. J. (2002). Organizational citizenship behavior and workplace deviance: the role of affect and cognitions. Journal of applied psychology, 87(1), 131. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.1.131
Malik, M., Sarwar, S., & Orr, S. (2021). Agile practices and performance: Examining the role of psychological empowerment. International Journal of Project Management, 39(1), 10-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2020.09.002
Naeem Mian, N., Malik, M. I., & Hussain, S. (2024). Humble leadership and project success: underpinning service-oriented organizational citizenship behavior and task complexity. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance, 11(3), 620-638. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOEPP-01-2023-028
Ouko, R. (2011). Effects of work environment elements on job satisfaction on employees of kenya revenue authority case study of large taxpayers office department.
Pinto, J. K., Davis, K., Ika, L. A., Jugdev, K., & Zwikael, O. (2022). Coming to terms with project success: Current perspectives and future challenges. International Journal of Project Management, 40(7), 831-834. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2022.09.001
Putri, N. N. N., Arafah, R., Murti, I. A., & Andleeb, N. (2024). Research Trend on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) through Bibliometric Analysis. International Journal of Economics and Management Review, 2(2), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.58765/ijemr.v2i2.201
Saffariantoosi, K., & Khaleghi, M. R. (2024). The mediating role of organizational citizenship behavior in the relationship between career self-efficacy and career success among construction project managers in Mashhad. Current Psychology, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-024-06127-w
Saripudin, A., & Perkasa, D. H. (2024). The Influence of Work Environment, Leadership Style and Workload on Employee Job Satisfaction. Review: Journal of Multidisciplinary in Social Sciences, 1(06), 200-210. https://doi.org/10.59422/rjmss.v1i06.370
Shafi, M. Q., Iqbal, R., Shahzad, K., & Unterhitzenberger, C. (2021). The mediating role of project citizenship behavior in the relationship between organizational justice dimensions and project success. Project Management Journal, 52(6), 547-562. https://doi.org/10.1177/87569728211026423
Spreitzer, G. M., Kizilos, M. A., & Nason, S. W. (1997). A dimensional analysis of the relationship between psychological empowerment and effectiveness, satisfaction, and strain. Journal of management, 23(5), 679-704. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0149-2063(97)90021-0
Surya, I. B. K., Riana, I. G., Sukawati, T. G. R., & Astawa, I. P. (2023). Psychological Empowerment, Psychological Capital, and Innovative Work Behavior: A Path to Organizational Success. The Global Conference on Entrepreneurship and the Economy in an Era of Uncertainty
Thamrin, M., Nursaid, N., Janah, Z., & Qomariah, N. (2024). The Role of Leadership in Improving Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Performance of Vocational High School (SMK) Teachers. International Journal of Management Science and Information Technology, 4(1), 7-13. https://doi.org/10.35870/ijmsit.v4i1.1631
Tucmeanu, E. R., Tucmeanu, A. I., Iliescu, M. G., Żywiołek, J., & Yousaf, Z. (2022). Successful management of IT projects in healthcare institutions after COVID-19: Role of digital orientation and innovation adaption. Healthcare
Venczel, T., Berényi, L., & Hriczó, K. (2021). Project management success factors. Journal of Physics: Conference Series
Westenberger, J., Schuler, K., & Schlegel, D. (2022). Failure of AI projects: understanding the critical factors. Procedia computer science, 196, 69-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2021.11.074
Yen, H. R., Li, E. Y., & Niehoff, B. P. (2008). Do organizational citizenship behaviors lead to information system success?: Testing the mediation effects of integration climate and project management. Information & management, 45(6), 394-402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2008.04.004